75 DBMS_RANDOM

The DBMS_RANDOM package provides a built-in random number generator. DBMS_RANDOM is not intended for cryptography.

This chapter contains the following topics:

Using DBMS_RANDOM
- Security Model
- Operational Notes
Summary of DBMS_RANDOM Subprograms

Using DBMS_RANDOM

Security Model
Operational Notes

Security Model

This package should be installed as SYS. By default, the package is initialized with the current user name, current time down to the second, and the current session.

Operational Notes

DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM produces integers in [-2^^31, 2^^31).
DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE produces numbers in [0,1) with 38 digits of precision.

DBMS_RANDOM can be explicitly initialized, but does not need to be initialized before calling the random number generator. It will automatically initialize with the date, userid, and process id if no explicit initialization is performed.

If this package is seeded twice with the same seed, then accessed in the same way, it will produce the same results in both cases.

In some cases, such as when testing, you may want the sequence of random numbers to be the same on every run. In that case, you seed the generator with a constant value by calling one of the overloads of DBMS_RANDOM.SEED. To produce different output for every run, simply to omit the call to "Seed" and the system will choose a suitable seed for you.

Summary of DBMS_RANDOM Subprograms

Table 75-1 DBMS_RANDOM Package Subprograms

Subprogram	Description
INITIALIZE Procedure	Initializes the package with a seed value
NORMAL Function	Returns random numbers in a normal distribution
RANDOM Procedure	Generates a random number
SEED Procedures	Resets the seed
STRING Function	Gets a random string
TERMINATE Procedure	Terminates package
VALUE Functions	This function gets a random number, greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, with 38 digits to the right of the decimal (38-digit precision), while the overloaded function gets a random Oracle number x, where x is greater than or equal to `low` and less than `high`

Note:

The INITIALIZE Procedure, RANDOM Procedure and the TERMINATE Procedure are all obsolete and, while currently supported, are included in this release for legacy reasons only.

INITIALIZE Procedure

This procedure initializes the generator (but see Usage Notes).

Syntax

DBMS_RANDOM.INITIALIZE (
   val  IN  BINARY_INTEGER);

Pragmas

PRAGMA restrict_references (initialize, WNDS)

Parameters

Table 75-2 INITIALIZE Procedure Parameters

Parameter	Description
`val`	The seed number used to generate a random number.

Usage Notes

This procedure is obsolete as it simply calls the SEED Procedures.

NORMAL Function

This function returns random numbers in a standard normal distribution.

Syntax

DBMS_RANDOM.NORMAL
  RETURN NUMBER;

Pragmas

PRAGMA restrict_references (normal, WNDS)

Return Values

Table 75-3 NORMAL Procedure Parameters

Parameter	Description
`number`	Returns a random number.

RANDOM Procedure

This procedure generates a random number (but see Usage Notes).

Syntax

DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM
   RETURN binary_integer;

Pragmas

PRAGMA restrict_references (random, WNDS)

Return Values

Table 75-4 RANDOM Procedure Parameters

Parameter	Description
`binary_integer`	Returns a random integer greater or equal to -power(2,31) and less than power(2,31).

Usage Notes

This procedure is obsolete and, although it is currently supported, it should not be used.

SEED Procedures

This procedure resets the seed.

Syntax

DBMS_RANDOM.SEED (
   seed  IN  BINARY_INTEGER);

DBMS_RANDOM.SEED (
   seed  IN  VARCHAR2);

Pragmas

PRAGMA restrict_references (seed, WNDS);

Parameters

Table 75-5 SEED Procedure Parameters

Parameter	Description
`seed`	Seed number or string used to generate a random number.

Usage Notes

The seed can be a string up to length 2000.

STRING Function

This function gets a random string.

Syntax

DBMS_RANDOM.STRING
   opt  IN  CHAR,
   len  IN  NUMBER)
  RETURN VARCHAR2;

Pragmas

PRAGMA restrict_references (string, WNDS)

Parameters

Table 75-6 STRING Function Parameters

Parameter Description

Parameter	Description
`opt`	Specifies what the returning string looks like: 'u', 'U' - returning string in uppercase alpha characters 'l', 'L' - returning string in lowercase alpha characters 'a', 'A' - returning string in mixed case alpha characters 'x', 'X' - returning string in uppercase alpha-numeric characters 'p', 'P' - returning string in any printable characters. Otherwise the returning string is in uppercase alpha characters.
`len`	The length of the returning string.

opt

Specifies what the returning string looks like:

'u', 'U' - returning string in uppercase alpha characters
'l', 'L' - returning string in lowercase alpha characters
'a', 'A' - returning string in mixed case alpha characters
'x', 'X' - returning string in uppercase alpha-numeric characters
'p', 'P' - returning string in any printable characters.

Otherwise the returning string is in uppercase alpha characters.

len

The length of the returning string.

Return Values

Table 75-7 STRING Function Return Values

Parameter	Description
`VARCHAR2`	Returns a `VARCHAR2`.

TERMINATE Procedure

When you are finished with the package, call the TERMINATE procedure (but see Usage Notes)

Syntax

DBMS_RANDOM.TERMINATE

Usage Notes

This procedure performs no function and, although it is currently supported, it is obsolete and should not be used.

VALUE Functions

The basic function gets a random number, greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, with 38 digits to the right of the decimal (38-digit precision). Alternatively, you can get a random Oracle number x, where x is greater than or equal to low and less than high.

Syntax

DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE
  RETURN NUMBER;

DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(
  low  IN  NUMBER,
  high IN  NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER;

Parameters

Table 75-8 VALUE Function Parameters

Parameter	Description
`low`	The lowest number in a range from which to generate a random number. The number generated may be equal to `low.`
`high`	The highest number below which to generate a random number. The number generated will be less than `high.`

Return Values

Table 75-9 VALUE Function Return Values

Parameter	Description
`NUMBER`	Returns an Oracle Number.